In 1989, Sidney Yoshida, a business executive from Japan, claimed that:
- Frontline workers know about 100% of an organization’s problems.
- Supervisors – about 74%.
- Middle management – about 9%.
- Top managers – about 4%.
Yoshida didn’t prove his findings. But he coined the term ‘Iceberg of Ignorance’.
And as someone who has worked as a CEO and a board member for many years, I believe he was fundamentally wrong.
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